Test plane's MTOW

I counldnt find anything on the net about it, but I’m wondering: Test planes are usually only loaded with the 2 pilots and the fuel. How do they load a test plane to its MTOW to test the plane at MTOW. most of the time 2 pilots and a full fuel tank isn’t near MTOW.

They use the tanks onboard and fill them with water (not the fuel tanks).

This belongs in #real-world-aviation

And to answer your question, it’s exactly what Daniel said.

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