This comes down to pilot error. You probably weren’t watching your speed during your ascent or descent which are both part of the important phases of a flight.
Highly recommend that you slow down before hitting that 10,000 foot mark, give yourself a buffer (Hold 11,000 until you get your speed and VS under control) instead of riding that close to the edge of getting a violation or else this will happen again. Simply setting the speed for 240 and deleting the altitude at 10,000 is irresponsible.