Could United and American Merge?
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According to bombshell reports today, United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby has approached senior US government officials about merging with American Airlines. Kirby is notoriously pro-merger, but this is almost certainly a bridge too far for the Department of Justice. President Trump’s DOJ is more open to big combinations, but such a merger would be essentially unheard of. By passengers carried, American and United are the first and third largest carriers in the country, respectively. Together, they fly 1/3rd of all passengers in America.
There’s no hard and fast limits when it comes to antitrust laws - it’s all up to the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation. But, a jetBlue - Spirit merger was shut down under monopoly concerns, and their combined market share is only 9%. The merger was blocked under President Biden’s administration, which was more conservative when it comes to consolidation, but there’s a huge difference between 33% and 9%, even under a pro-merger administration.
It’s unclear what exactly the government’s response to Kirby’s inquiry is. It’s also unclear whether American Airlines was consulted about this first and what their response would be.
If it did happen…
I think it’s an interesting concept, however unrealistic it may be. In Kirby’s scenario, it seems that United would have been the one to take over American, not vice versa. If that happened, United would gain massive strongholds in the Southwest (Phoenix) and Southeast (Miami & Charlotte). Additionally, they’d dominate Texas’ two biggest airports, Houston-Intercontinental and Dallas-Fort Worth.
The busiest airport in the world, Chicago-O’Hare, would become a United fortress hub, with a 75% market share. Los Angeles, another one of America’s largest gateways, would flip from Delta dominant to United dominant with a 31% market share. Both of Washington, D.C.'s major airports would become United hubs, as would all three of New York City’s airports.
United would inherit healthy bases in Philadelphia and a growing market in Boston, both of which United has fairly minimal service to.
Their combined fleets would be nothing short of crazy. Excluding regional operators, the United Mainline fleet would consist of 2,098 jets. Including regional operators, it would be 3,070, more than triple the second largest (Delta Air Lines at 992).
All these stats just go to show how unlikely such a merger is to be approved. If United is serious and if American is looking to consolidate, it would absolutely crush airline competition in the world’s largest market. Generally speaking, competition is good for customers - it lowers ticket prices, gives travelers more options, and makes airlines better themselves to get the edge over their rivals.
Sources:
Airlines for America
Bloomberg
Reuters
Wikipedia (American Airlines Fleet)
Wikipedia (United Airlines Fleet)

